Undocumented migrants are at high risk of adverse consequences during crises because of a lack of access to essential securities and sources of support.

aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the health and living circumstances of precarious migrants in Switzerland and to assess whether those undergoing legal status regularization fared better than undocumented migrants.

they showed high prevalence of exposure to COVID-19, poor mental health along with frequent avoidance of health care. Moreover, the loss of working hours and the related income overlapped with frequent food and housing insecurity

proposes a socio-ecological model to understand the way immigration policy and law enforcement specifically have become a key determinant of mental health among undocumented immigrants and their families.

considers the coping mechanisms migrants adopt to deal with their legal vulnerability, classifying them into those which worsen mental health outcomes and some which, paradoxically, make migrant communities resilient.

a robust correlation between undocumented status and heightened mental health vulnerabilities [7, 8, 9, 10]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, negative mental health effects were widespread among all migrants [11,12,13], but undocumented migrants (whether self or parent) found it more difficult to manage common stressors due to legal vulnerabilities [14,15]

Undocumented immigrants have disproportionately suffered during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to factors including limited medical access and financial insecurity, which can exacerbate pandemic-associated distress.

worsened anxiety and depression levels due to the pandemic, respectively. From March to April, PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores significantly increased by 0.81 and 0.63 points, respectively. The average total psychological distress score was 23.8, with 60% of scores reflecting serious mental illness

re-existing depressive disorder, food insecurity, and comfort during telepsychiatry visits

There is a dearth of data on undocumented immigrants and Covid-19.

Participants' level of knowledge on the Covid-19 appeared insufficient.•Community-based campaigns and interventions on mental health should be implemented.

the lockdown had a detrimental impact on various economic and mental health aspects among disadvantaged migrants residing in the Greater Paris area.

ogether with unpredictability and uncertainty, lockdown and physical distancing might lead to social isolation, loss of income, loneliness, inactivity, limited access to basic services, increased access to food, alcohol, and online gambling, and decreased family and social support, especially in older and vulnerable people

Many immigrants, including those that are undocumented have no access to primary care doctors, so they utilize the emergency room (ER) as the only source of medical treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of them have been without medical care due to fears of contracting the disease in that setting, whereas others could be unnecessarily exposed while seeking vital care from their only option

a high percentage of people that work in the service industry and are disproportionally affected by the economic ramifications of staying at home and social distancing. Many of these workers are young and healthy, however diabetes affects 22% of the Latino population and this medical comorbidity is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease course

These patients also have a number of uncontrolled medical comorbidities and on average die 10–15 years earlier than the general population. COVID-19 has impacted this population disproportionately with regards to their medical and psychiatric issues which put them at risk for psychiatric decompensation and would benefit from further review and data collection.

Under the Trump administration, immigrants have faced relentless attacks — tightening of the public charge rule, threats to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, raids by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), asylum restrictions, and separation of families at the border — so immigrants are justifiably scared. Expecting them to trust the government now, during the Covid-19 crisis, is naive at best.

As emergency departments (EDs) and intensive care units brace for surges in volume, public health officials urge people with symptoms to stay home and call their doctor before seeking in-person medical care. Unfortunately, for many undocumented immigrants, calling their doctor is not an option. The Affordable Care Act excludes undocumented immigrants from eligibility for coverage, and an estimated 7.1 million undocumented immigrants lack health insurance.3 As a result, many undocumented immigrants do not have primary care providers (PCPs) and have had to rely on EDs for years.

The Covid-19 epidemic has exposed the risk of limiting access to primary care for segments of the population, including undocumented immigrants.

I recommend three policy changes to address the high health and economic risk among noncitizens, goals that are in the best interest of public health and the broader economy.

Noncitizens face barriers to physical distancing that leave them at high risk of contracting COVID-19. Compared with US-born citizens, noncitizens live in larger households and in homes with more occupants per bedroom and are more likely to live in multifamily housing structures.

Noncitizens work in industries and occupations that cannot be performed remotely—data from the February 2020 Current Population Survey

we show that mental health symptoms are strongly correlated with medical care avoidance amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Our results revealed significantly higher adjusted relative risk ratios of medical care avoidance among US adults who experience common symptoms of anxiety and depression.

which is concerning as delayed medical care may result in significant adverse short- and long-term health outcomes for many conditions

systematically review

an underutilization of different types of healthcare services by undocumented migrants

even when care was received, it was often inadequate or insufficient, and that many undocumented migrants were unfamiliar with their entitlements and faced barriers in utilizing healthcare services.