the Riksbank will continue to build FX reserves

Because we used *args to send a variable-length argument list to our function

is used to pass a keyworded, variable-length argument dictionary to a function

Random search

Bayesian optimization aims to gather observations revealing as much information as possible about this function and, in particular, the location of the optimum

agent typically requires more than 150 episodes to find a successful policy

model-based RL similar to the Dyna algorithm

acting in the simulation (A)

manually pre-processed to remove any spurious relationships (where the domain experts see a correlation but know there is no causal relationship).

quantile regression soft actor-critic (QR-SAC)

cheap models that circumvent edge-based representations either partially or altogether such as PaiNN [2] and (ii) distilling large directional GNNs into cheaper regular GNNs.

bound to the class and not the object of the class.

It can modify a class state that would apply across all the instances of the class. For example, it can modify a class variable that would be applicable to all the instances.