However, the root causes of this limited access to capital, such as structural inequalities, systemic discrimination, and a lack of investment in inner-city communities

However, the root causes of this limited access to capital, such as structural inequalities, systemic discrimination, and a lack of investment in inner-city communities, are not fully explored.

from larger businesses

emerging high-level approaches to digital transformation and the geopolitical implications thereof

four main geopolitical approaches

Identify which approach you think applies to your country and briefly explain your answer.

how the income and sales of multinational companies are taxed outside of their home jurisdictions:

first, where taxes should be paid, based on rules about what constitute a physical presence,

and second, what portion of income should be taxed.

Because digital data is so easy to transmit and store, it has flowed easily across national borders, enabling global platform businesses to scale extremely rapidly.

asking how to protect local consumers from abuse or exploitation,

the local economy also benefits from the value created

a framework of international tax laws was developed to address two key issues affecting how the income and sales of multinational companies are taxed outside of their home jurisdictions:

first, where taxes should be paid, based on rules about what constitute a physical presence, and second, what portion of income should be taxed.

this is the root of the ongoing EU Commission case against Apple

complex and fast growing area

there are questions about consumer protection in respect of fulfillment and counterfeit goods, as well as around the protection and use of personal data, especially across borders.

countries are adopting specific e-commerce policies and laws seek

not

paper certificates as proof of ownership for shares or bonds have been eliminated in most capital markets,

One of the most controversial areas has been the digitization of land records,

yet it may be the area which has most impact on the lives of low income people who have a claim to land but previously lacked proof and security of tenure.

GMV of over $1 trillion in 2020)

Amazon (with a GMV of $475 billion)

Mercado Libre in Latin America (GMV of $19 billion in 2019)