it is a stronger reducing agent than carbon and therefore it cannot be extracted from its ore using carbon reduction.

noun: welfare state; plural noun: welfare statesa system whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits.

a traditional detective story involves the narrowing down of suspects from several to one, An Inspector Calls inverts this process as, one by one, nearly all the characters in the play are found to be guilty. In this way, Priestley makes his larger point that society is guilty of neglecting and abusing its most vulnerable members. A just society, he states through his mysterious Inspector, is one that respects and exercises social responsibility.

Priestley was a socialist, and his political beliefs are woven through his work.

traditional detective story involves the narrowing down of suspects from several to one, An Inspector Calls inverts this process as, one by one, nearly all the characters in the play are found to be guilty. In this way, Priestley makes his larger point that society is guilty of neglecting and abusing its most vulnerable members. A just society, he states through his mysterious Inspector, is one that respects and exercises social responsibility.

Dickens couldn’t have made it clearer (to his Victorian audience) that he wanted people to look inside themselves and reflect on whether they were living a good Christian life, or whether they were indeed ‘Scrooge’.

So, Dickens intentions could therefore be allegorical: he wants the rich to recognise that their behaviour is incredibly damaging to humanity itself, furthermore religion, by turning a blind eye to the corruption in the actions of the wealthy are therefore complicit in this damaging treatment of people.

Therefore, Dickens may be implying that the church is responsible for holding the moral fibre of society together and that he in particular finds the church to be failing in this responsibility.

Marley and Scrooge are described as “kindred spirits”.  The adjective “kindred” suggests ‘two of a kind’ or in general suggests the similarities between Scrooge and his colleague.

The Field Lane Ragged Schools, which Dickens visited in 1843, supplied him with the terrifying images of Ignorance and Want in A Christmas Carol so well realized by his illustrator, John Leech. A subdivision of Safron Hill, between Charles Street and Holborn, Field Lane was then one of London's most disreputable slums.

The novella's famous first line, "Marley was dead, to begin with", establishes many things at once. It avoids the grandiloquent rhetoric many people might expect of the opening paragraph of a Victorian novel, in favour of a terse, muscular address.

insisting that what sounds like a story's end is in fact the beginning. It delivers a gentle shock to those readers who might have expected a Christmas story to begin in a festive spirit.

It promises supernatural fun, because it comes straight after the chapter title "Marley's Ghost", a tip-off that Marley can't be quite as dead as the narrator claims.

However, if we observe their marriage at a microscopic level throughout the play, we can see how it fluctuates and slowly decays at the hands of their unchecked ambition and hubris.

lexical

one of the most important social commentators who used fiction effectively to criticize economic, social, and moral abuses in the Victorian era.

Dickens showed compassion and empathy towards the vulnerable and disadvantaged segments of English society,

Dickens developed a strong social conscience, an ability to empathise with the victims of social and economic injustices.

The cacophony of mortal agony persisted.