As it turns out, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are important. Per the most recent guidelines, you have what's called elevated blood pressure if your systolic blood pressure reading is 120 to 129 mm Hg (which stands for millimeters of mercury). Once your systolic reading reaches 130 or higher or your diastolic reading is 80 or higher, you're considered to have high blood pressure, or hypertension.

Most people have what's known as essential or primary hypertension, which means it's not caused by a medical condition, medication, or substance. Primary hypertension can affect both systolic and diastolic pressure to a similar degree. But sometimes, especially in older people, it affects mainly the systolic pressure; this is called isolated systolic hypertension

your arteries tend to become less elastic and less able to accommodate surges of blood. Blood flowing through your arteries at high pressure can damage the inner lining of these vessels, accelerating the buildup of cholesterol-laden plaque. This further stiffens and narrows the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis

Lung exposure to noxious agents, infectious agents (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Epstein-Barr virus), gut microbiome, and dietary factors may induce the self-protein citrullination and mat

The contribution of different allorecognition pathways to allograft rejection will be governed by two main factors: the presence of target epitope and the ability of that pathway, once activated, to mediate graft damage. Differences in the duration of direct and indirect T cell alloresponses are thus likely to profoundly influence their ability to mediate early and late graft rejection.

Targeting late T cell alloresponses to prevent progression of chronic rejectio

However, when skin is grafted between unrelated or allogeneic individuals (an allograft), the graft is initially accepted but is then rejected about 10–13 days after grafting (Fig. 13.22). This response is called a first-set rejection

Transplantation is the process of moving cells, tissues, or organs, from one site to another, either within the same person or between a donor and a recipient. If an organ system fails, or becomes damaged as a consequence of disease or injury, it can be replaced with a healthy organ or tissue from a donor.

normal circumstances work to identify foreign microbes and direct the immune system to destroy them, pose a significant barrier to successful transplantation. Rejection of a transplant occurs in instances where the immune system identifies the transplant as foreign, triggering a response that will ultimately destroy the transplanted organ or tissue.

ion is caused by the immune system identifying the transplant as foreign, triggering a response that will ultimately destroy the transplanted organ or tissue. Long term survival of the transplant can be maintained by manipulating the immune system to reduce the risk of rejection

What should you include in the results chapter?

o ensure your results reflect and align with the purpose of your study.  So, you need to revisit your research aims, objectives and research questions and use these as a litmus test for relevance. Make sure that you refer back to these constantly when writing up your chapter so that you stay on track.

perhaps a correlation or regression analysis.

pumped out of your heart’s lower chambers, or ventricles. It’s the percentage of blood that leaves your left ventricle when your heart contracts.

ejection fraction can help doctors figure out whether you have certain heart problems, especially one type of heart failure.

heart failure doesn’t mean your heart stops, it just means it can’t pump as much blood as your body needs.

whether these were met and what they mean with reference to the wider scientific literature.

Column 4: Relative risk (fixed) 95% CI

e boxes show the effect estimates from the single studies, while the diamond shows the pooled result.

The pooled result. The overall combined result derived from combining (‘pooling’) the individual studies.