being confronted with an emotionally traumatic event. A traumatic event is defined as a situation that is so extreme, so severe and so powerful that it threatens to overwhelm a person's ability to cope, resulting in unusually strong emotional, cognitive, or behavioral reactions in the person experiencing it

potential mechanisms toward achieving positive mental health

n addition, research shows that hope has strong associations with several psychosocial process and outcomes, including positive affect, emotional adjustment and illness-related coping, greater life satisfaction, enhanced perceptions that life is meaningful, a higher sense of purpose in life, quality of life, and social support

Compassion fatigue in younger or inexperienced nurses may lead to decreased retention, increased turnover, and the intent to leave the nursing profession entirely

his approach is demonstrated by viewing nurses’ attitudes and behaviors through the lens of “what has happened to you” instead of “what is wrong with you

draw connections between their trauma histories and their presenting problems,

When used effectively, trauma-informed care enables nurses and other medical professionals to ensure that healthcare processes, procedures and settings protect patients and staff from re-traumatization

to fully understand the effect of trauma and devise a treatment plan to aid in recovery.

o understand how their own struggles are impacting their lives.

dentified empowerment as one of the elements for recovery [15]. Empowerment mainly entails promoting patient autonomy, independent decision-making and responsibility, and self-management

Respect is defined as “to be treated with regard, concern, to protect an individual’s privacy; to be sensitive to cultural differences; to allow an individual to make choices”

Moreover, respecting person

means

of self-management interventions for people with severe mental illness

impact on total symptom severity, negative symptoms, and depression and anxiety symptoms

lead to a loss of clinical confidence

hreat of impending legal action

with a breach of public trust, and with harming patients despite their mandate to “first do no harm.”

oss of confidence and altered perspectives of patient and colleague relationships

epression and guilt, often transferred into personal life.

oss of professional reputation, distrust and reduced goodwill towards patients, and detachment from patients.